Legislative framework
Summarise the legislative framework for the protection of personally identifiable information (PII). Does your jurisdiction have a dedicated data protection law? Is the data protection law in your jurisdiction based on any international instruments on privacy or data protection?
Federal Law No. 152-FZ on Personal Data dated 27 July 2006 (the PD Law) is the main law governing personally identifiable information (personal data) in Russia. The PD Law was adopted in 2005 following the ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data. In general, the PD Law takes an approach similar to the EU Data Protection Directive and is based on the international instruments on privacy and data protection in certain aspects, but the Russian regulation places special emphasis on the technical (IT) measures for data protection. Notably, the PD Law has concepts similar to the one contained in the General Data Protection Regulation, which became effective in the EU on 25 May 2018. Data protection provisions can also be found in other laws, including Federal Law No. 149-FZ on Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection (2006) and Chapter 14 of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation (2001).